中国妇幼保健

目的　了解城市已婚妇女妇科常见病的患病情况及相关的影响因素。方法　采用整群分层随机抽样方法在 15个省、市的 10 0个社区 ,抽取已婚妇女 995 1例进行问卷调查 ,妇科检查和实验室检查 ,应用 SPSS/ 10 .0进行数据的统计分析。结果　妇科常见病患病率顺序依次为生殖道感染 42 .9%、月经紊乱 34 .5 % (未绝经者中 )和痛经15 .5 % (未绝经者中 )、盆腔肿物 3.9%、子宫脱垂 /阴道壁膨出 1.1%。年龄轻者 ,无业或从事服务行业 ,初中及以上受教育程度 ,人均收入低于 30 0元 ,居住在华西南和华中地区 ,使用 IUD避孕以及采用非淋浴的方式洗澡是生殖道感染发生的危险因素 ;年龄较大、居住在华北和东北地区及有人工流产手术史为盆腔肿物发生的危险因素 ;痛经的发生与年龄较小、文化程度大专及以上、人均收入较低 ,以及未用 IUD避孕等因素有关。多次人工流产与月经紊乱有关。结论　防治妇女生殖道感染应为今后妇女常见病防治的重要内容之一 ,并要提高节育期妇女的避孕保健服务质量。

To investigate the prevalence and the influencing factors of common gynecological diseases among married women in the communities.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 9 951 married women, selected by multistage cluster random sampling and carried out a structured interview questionnaire, gynecologic examination and pathogens assay. All data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 for windows. Results:The prevalence of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) in women's population was 42.9%.The prevalence of irregular menstruation was 34.5%.The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 15.5%.The prevalence of pelvic tumor was 3.9% and the prevalence of uterine/vagina prolapse was 1.1%.The influencing factors of RTIs included the young,unemployed and service person,over high school level,income≤300 yuan/person,living in south-west and middle region,TUD and form of bath; The influencing factors of pelvic tumor included older, living in north and north-east region and abortion history .The influencing factors of dysmenorrhea included the young ,over college level ,income≤300 yuan/person and methods of contraception. The occurrence of irregular menstruation was significantly related to abortion times.Conclusion: One of important services of prevent and treatment common gynecological disease is the reproductive tract infections .To improve service quality of contraception care in reproductive age women.